The Finnish winter is one of the most unique and beautiful seasons in the world, but it can also be incredibly challenging. If you’re planning to spend time in Finland during winter, it’s essential to be prepared. With temperatures often plummeting below freezing, long, dark days, and icy conditions, the Finnish winter requires both mental and physical resilience. However, once you learn how to manage, this season transforms into a magical experience, full of snow-covered forests, stunning winter landscapes, and the peaceful stillness that only winter in Finland can offer.
Here’s your ultimate guide to surviving the Finnish winter — from dressing for the cold to navigating the long nights, and embracing the Finnish winter culture.
Understanding the Finnish Winter
Winter in Finland can be harsh, with temperatures regularly dipping below -10°C (14°F) in many parts of the country, especially in Lapland. In the northernmost regions, temperatures can plummet to a bone-chilling -30°C (-22°F) or lower. Finland experiences prolonged darkness in winter, especially above the Arctic Circle, where the sun doesn’t rise for several weeks during the Polar Night. However, the southern parts of Finland, including Helsinki, experience milder winters with more daylight.
Despite the cold, winter is an integral part of Finnish life, celebrated for activities like skiing, ice fishing, and of course, enjoying the famous Finnish sauna. If you’re prepared, the winter can be an enjoyable and unforgettable experience.
Dress in Layers: The Key to Staying Warm
The first rule of surviving Finnish winter is to dress in layers. The more layers, the better. The goal is to trap warmth while allowing moisture to escape, so you don’t get too sweaty. Start with:
- Base Layer: Choose moisture-wicking fabrics like merino wool or synthetic fabrics for your first layer. Avoid cotton as it retains moisture and makes you colder.
- Middle Layer: This should provide insulation. Fleece or down are great choices to keep the warmth in.
- Outer Layer: Your outer layer should be waterproof and windproof. A quality winter jacket, preferably insulated with down, is essential.
Don’t forget thermal socks, gloves, and a hat. A well-insulated pair of boots (preferably waterproof and lined with fleece) will keep your feet warm and dry in the snow. Finnish winters also call for a face mask or scarf to protect your face from the biting wind.
For more tips on winter clothing, check out Finland’s official tourist site on What to Wear in Winter.
Stay Active to Avoid the Winter Blues
In Finland, winter often means fewer daylight hours, which can affect your mood. Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is common, so staying active and getting as much light as possible is essential. Here’s how to beat the winter blues:
- Embrace Winter Sports: Finland offers plenty of winter activities, from cross-country skiing to ice skating and snowshoeing. These activities help you stay fit and make the most of the snowy environment. Many Finnish towns have well-maintained ski tracks and ice rinks, where you can enjoy a physical workout and embrace the outdoors.
- Winter Hiking: With the right equipment and preparation, winter hiking can be a fantastic way to stay active. Finland’s national parks, such as Nuuksio National Park near Helsinki, offer stunning winter trails, and some even offer guided winter hikes.
- Take Vitamin D: The lack of sunlight during winter can lead to a deficiency in Vitamin D. Many Finns supplement with Vitamin D during the darker months, so it’s a good idea to do the same.
Light Up Your Winter: Dealing with the Darkness
One of the biggest challenges of the Finnish winter is the lack of sunlight. Above the Arctic Circle, you’ll experience the Polar Night, when the sun doesn’t rise for weeks at a time. Even in Helsinki, the sun sets as early as 3:30 p.m. in December.
To stay energized:
- Use Light Therapy: Many people in Finland use light therapy lamps to mimic natural sunlight and alleviate the effects of SAD.
- Embrace the Magic of the Night: Don’t just fight the darkness—embrace it. In Finland, the dark days are perfect for viewing the Northern Lights, or Aurora Borealis. Head to Lapland for the best chances of witnessing this magical natural phenomenon.
- Take a Sauna: Sauna culture is deeply embedded in Finnish life. A sauna is a great way to relax, recharge, and escape the cold. Many saunas are also equipped with outdoor hot tubs where you can enjoy the cold air while staying warm.
Winter Driving: Safety First
If you’re planning to drive in Finland during winter, ensure that your vehicle is winter-ready:
- Winter Tires: In Finland, winter tires are mandatory from December to February, as the roads can be icy and snowy.
- Drive Carefully: The roads can get slick, so always drive at a reduced speed when conditions are poor. Always clear your car windows and mirrors before driving.
- Know the Risks: Be prepared for black ice, which can make roads extremely slippery. Always check the weather conditions before embarking on long trips in rural areas.
Check out more about winter driving in Finland here: Driving in Finland in Winter.
The Essential Finnish Foods to Keep You Energized
Eating the right foods can help you stay energized and fight the cold. Finnish winter food is hearty and warming. Don’t miss these must-try dishes:
- Ruisleipä (Rye Bread): A staple in every Finnish household, rye bread is dense and packed with nutrients to keep you going through the cold.
- Karjalanpiirakka (Karelian Pasties): A warm rice porridge wrapped in thin rye pastry, often served with egg butter.
- Lohikeitto (Salmon Soup): A creamy soup made with salmon, potatoes, and leeks. It’s nutritious and perfect for warming up after a long day in the cold.
- Salmiakki (Salty Licorice): A uniquely Finnish treat. It’s an acquired taste, but if you’re feeling adventurous, it’s a fun part of Finnish winter culture.
Learn more about Finnish cuisine on Visit Finland’s Food Page.
Embrace Finnish Winter Traditions
Winter in Finland is steeped in traditions that help Finns cope with the cold and darkness. One of the most famous traditions is the Joulu (Christmas), which is celebrated with warmth and family gatherings. Here are a few Finnish customs to try:
- Sauna on Christmas Eve: It’s a long-standing tradition to take a sauna on Christmas Eve, before the family gathers for dinner.
- Lighting Candles: The Finns love their candles, especially in winter. Candles are used to brighten the home and create a cozy atmosphere.
- Snowy Adventures: Skiing, snowmobiling, ice fishing, and staying in a glass igloo under the Northern Lights are all traditional ways to enjoy Finland’s snowy environment.
Check out Finland’s official website for more winter activities and traditions: Winter Activities in Finland.
Dealing with the Cold: Mental Resilience is Key
It’s easy to feel overwhelmed by the long winter months, but the Finnish approach to winter is one of resilience. The concept of sisu—a Finnish word meaning determination, resilience, and grit—is a great mindset for surviving Finnish winter. If you approach the season with the right attitude, it can be an incredibly rewarding experience.
If you’re planning to visit Finland during winter, it’s vital to prepare yourself mentally and embrace the unique challenges that come with the season.
Surviving a Finnish winter requires some preparation, but once you get the hang of it, you can enjoy one of the most beautiful and memorable seasons Finland has to offer. From proper clothing and winter activities to embracing Finnish traditions, winter in Finland is an experience that can teach you resilience and appreciation for nature’s beauty.
By understanding the cold, staying active, and incorporating the Finnish mindset of sisu into your winter routine, you’ll not only survive but thrive during Finland’s magical winter season.